Scientists Chronology

Rudolph J Camerarius German botanist/physician (sexuality plant), is born.

Ref: 5

1668

Jul 07

Isaac Newton receives MA from Trinity College, Cambridge.

Ref: 5

1672

Isaac Newton is elected a member of Royal Society.

Ref: 5

Isaac Newton reads first optics paper before Royal Society in London.

Ref: 5

1675

Guillaume Delisle, Paris France, geographer (Atlas Géographique), is born.

Ref: 5

1680

Jan Swammerdam Dutch entomologist (Bible of Nature), dies at 41.

Ref: 5

1683

René-Antoine de Réaumur France, biologist/engineer, is born.

Ref: 5

1684

Dec 22

Johann J Dillenius [Dillen] German botanist (Historia Muscorum), is born.

Ref: 5

1686

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit physicist: developed system for cleaning mercury to keep it from sticking to glass; inventor: alcohol thermometer [1709], mercury thermometer [1714]; created measure of temperature which bears his name [1724], is born.

Ref: 4

Nov 26

Nicolaus Steno, Danish geologist and anatomist, dies at age 48.

Ref: 70

1691

Dec 30

Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish chemist, dies at age 64.

Ref: 70

1694

Jul 21

Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

1697

Isaac Newton receives Jean Bernoulli's 6 month time-limit problem, solves problem before going to bed that same night.

Ref: 5

1698

Nov 04

Erasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician and physicist, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

1699

John Bartram naturalist/explorer, father of American botany, is born.

Ref: 5

Henrik A van Reede tot Drakenstein Dutch botanist, dies at about 63.

Ref: 5

1700

Philippe Buache French geographer/cartographer (Contourlijnen), is born.

Ref: 5

May 07

Gerard van Swieten Dutch botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

1701

Anders Celsius, astronomer who devised the centigrade temperature scale, is born.

Ref: 2

1703

Robert Hooke, English physicist and scientific genius, dies in London at age 67.

Ref: 5

1707

Apr 27

John Burman Dutch botanist/director botanical gardens, is born.

Ref: 5

Carolus Linnaeus [Carl von Linné], Swedish botanist; created system for defining genera and species, is born.

Ref: 2

1711

Nov 19

Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian scientist and poet, is born.

Ref: 70

1716

Louis J M Daubenton French zoologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1726

Jan 25

Guillaume Delisle French geographer (Atlas géographique), dies at 50.

Ref: 5

Jun 03

James Hutton, Scottish scientist, pioneer in the field of geology, is born.

Ref: 2

1727

Physicist, mathematician and astronomer Sir Isaac Newton dies in London at 84.

Ref: 68

Michel Adanson French biologist (Natural History of Sénégal), is born.

Ref: 5

1728

Apr 25

John Woodward geologist/physician, dies.

Ref: 5

1730

Sir William Hamilton, English diplomat and archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1731

Oct 10

Henry Cavendish, English physicist who measured the density and mass of the Earth, is born.

Ref: 2

1732

Pehr Forskåhl Finish botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

1733

Mar 13

Joseph Priestly, scientist credited with the discovery of oxygen, is born in England.

Ref: 2

1735

Torbern Olof Bergman, Swedish chemist and naturalist, is born.

Ref: 70

1736

Jun 14

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb physicist (formulated Coulomb's Law), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 16

Ref: 4

1740

Feb 17

Horace B de Saussure Swiss physicist/geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1742

Willem J 's-Gravesande Dutch physicist, dies at 53.

Ref: 5

Carl W Scheele Swedendish pharmacist/chemist (lemon acid), is born.

Ref: 5

1743

Aug 26

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry who defined the role of oxygen and named it, is born.

Ref: 2

Dec 01

Martin H Klaproth German chemist (uranium), is born.

Ref: 5

1744

John Jeffries physician and one of America’s first weather forecasters: kept detailed records of weather conditions [1774-1816]; is born.

Ref: 4

Apr 25

Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer and inventor of the Celsius thermometer scale, dies at age 42.

Ref: 70

Aug 01

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French biologist, believed in inheritance of acquired traits, is born.

Ref: 5

1745

Johann Christian Fabricius, Dutch entomologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1746

William Curtis English botanist/publisher (Botanical Magazine), is born.

Ref: 5

1747

Apr 02

Johann J Dillenius German botanist, dies at 63.

Ref: 5

1748

Comte Claude-Louis Berthollet, French chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

1750

Martinus van Marum Dutch chemist/physicist (Homo Diluvii Testus), is born.

Ref: 5

1753

Ref: 70

Benjamin Thompson physicist (Royal Institute of Great Britain, Woburn MA), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 28

Franz K Achard German physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

1755

Jean Baptiste Lislet-Geoffroy, French geographer, is born.

Ref: 2

Sep 13

Oliver Evans, pioneered high-pressure steam engine, is born.

Ref: 5

1757

Jan 09

Bernard Le Bovier Fontenelle, French scientist and man of letters, dies at age 99.

Ref: 70

1761

James Hall Scotland, geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1762

Nov 29

Pierre-Andre Latreille, French zoologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1763

May 16

Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin chemist (discovered chromium, beryllium), is born.

Ref: 5

1765

Apr 15

Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian scientist and poet, dies at age 53.

Ref: 70

1766

Sep 06

John Dalton, English scientist who developed the atomic theory of matter, is born.

Ref: 2

Dec 29

Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor, is born.

Ref: 70

1768

Adrian H Haworth English entomologist/botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 29

Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

1769

William Smith geologist (Strata Identified by Organized Fossils), is born.

Ref: 5

Georges, Baron Cuvier, French zoologist and statesman

Ref: 70

Sep 14

Baron Freidrich von Humbolt, German naturalist and explorer who made the first isothermic and isobaric maps, is born.

Ref: 2

1770

Alexandre Brongniart Paris, mineralogist/geologist (Tertiary), is born.

Ref: 5

1771

May 14

Thomas Wedgwood, English physicist, photography pioneer, is born in Stokeupon-Trent, England.

Ref: 68

Jun 24

E I Du Pont France, chemist/scientist (Du Pont), is born.

Ref: 5

1772

Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish scientist/Christian mystic, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

1773

Jun 13

Thomas Young proponent of the wave theory of light, is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 21

Robert Brown, Scottish botanist, is born.

Ref: 70

1774

Matthew Flinders English navigator/cartographer (coast Australia), is born.

Ref: 5

May 07

Sir Francis Beaufort naval officer; devised wind force scale, is born.

Ref: 5

1775

Andre-Marie Ampere, scientist, studied magnetism and electricity, is born.

Ref: 68

1776

Jun 09

Count Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist, is born.

Ref: 17

Oct 13

Peter Barlow, British physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

Nov 14

Henri Dutrochet discovered & named process of osmosis, is born.

Ref: 5

1777

John Bartram father of American botany, dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Hans Christian Oersted Den, physicist/chemist (View of Chemical Law), discovered electromagnetism, is born.

Ref: 5

1778

Carolus Linnaeus [Carl von Linné], Swedish botanist; created system for defining genera and species, dies at age 70.

Ref: 70

Augustin P de Candolle Swiss botanist (Théorie élémentaire), is born.

Ref: 5

1779

John Burman Dutch botanist/director (botanical gardens), dies at 71.

Ref: 5

Aug 07

Carl Ritter cofounder of modern science of geography, is born.

Ref: 5

1780

M Heinrich C Lichtenstein German zoologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1781

Dec 11

Sir David Brewster Scotland, physicist/inventor (kaleidoscope), is born.

Ref: 5

1782

Jean-Baptiste-Bourguignon d'Anville French geographer, dies at 84.

Ref: 5

May 16

Daniuel Charles Solander botanist, dies.

Ref: 5

1784

Jul 08

Torbern Olof Bergman, Swedish chemist and naturalist, dies at age 49.

Ref: 70

1785

Jan 23

Carl A Agardh Sweden, botanist/bishop of Karlstad, is born.

Ref: 5

Adam Sedgwick Dent Yorkshire England, British geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

John J. Audubon, American ornithologist and artist, is born in Haiti.

Ref: 70

James Pollard Espy Pennsylvania, meteorologist (Philosphy of Storms), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 06

Sir William Hooker, English botanist, is born.

Ref: 70

1786

Carl W Scheele, Swedish pharmacist/chemist (lemon acid), dies at age 43.

Ref: 70

1787

Ruggiero Boscovich Italian physicist/astronomer/philosopher, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Mar 06

Joseph von Fraunhofer Germany, physicist (studied Sun's spectrum), is born.

Ref: 5

Geoge S. Ohm, German scientist who gave his name to the unit of electrical resistance, is born.

Ref: 68

1788

Augustin-Jean Fresnel optics pioneer/physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

1789

Pierre Lyonet Dutch zoologist/cryptologist, dies at 82.

Ref: 5

1791

Michael Faraday, English physicist, inventor of the dynamo, the transformer and the electric motor, is born.

Ref: 2

1792

Karl Earnest Ritter von Baer Estonian/German embryologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 29

Karl Ernst von Baler Russia, naturalist (discovered human ovum), is born.

Ref: 5

1793

William Aiton English botanist (Kew Gardens), dies at 61.

Ref: 5

Nov 10

Jared P. (Potter) Kirtland physician; naturalist: found first Kirtland’s Warbler [now, a rare bird]; is born.

Ref: 4

1794

Edmund Ruffin agriculturist: one of the originators of crop rotation and fertilization; publisher: Farmer’s Register; Confederate soldier: fired first shot on Fort Sumter in American Civil War; is born.

Ref: 4

Eilhardt Mitscherlich, German chemist, noted for experiments in chemical geology, is born.

Ref: 17

Jacques Babinet French physicist/mathematician/astronomer, is born.

Ref: 5

1795

Friedlieb F Runge German chemist (Chinoline), is born.

Ref: 5

Christian Gottfried Ehrenburg German zoologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 23

Philippe Vandermaelen Flemish cartographer (Atlas Universel), is born.

Ref: 5

1796

Jan 25

William McGillivray Old Aberdeen, naturalist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 01

Sadi Nicolas Léonard Carnot, physicist: pioneer in thermodynamics, discovered the 2nd law of thermodynamics, is born.

Ref: 4

1797

James Hutton, Scottish geologist, chemist and naturalist, dies at age 71,

Ref: 70

Nov 14

Sir Charles Lyell Scotland, geologist (Principles of Geology), is born.

Ref: 5

1798

Jul 02

John Fitch, American steamboat builder, dies at age 55.

Ref: 70

1799

Horace B de Saussure Swiss physicist/geologist/alpinist, dies at 58.

Ref: 5

John Lindley English botanist (Elements of Botany), is born.

Ref: 5

Georg C Lichtenberg German physicist/writer, dies at 56.

Ref: 5

Oct 18

Christian Friedrich Schonbein, German chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

1800

Louis J M Daubenton France, zoologist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

1802

Jean-Baptiste Boussingault French chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Charles Wheatstone English physicist/musician, is born.

Ref: 5

Antoine-Jerome Balard, Frrench chemist; discovered the element bromine, is born.

Ref: 70

1803

Apr 06

Sir William Hamilton, English diplomat and archaeologist, dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

May 12

Justus Freiherr von Liebig German chemist (agricultural chemics), is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 29

Christian Doppler, physicist who discovered the Doppler effect, which explains why the sound of a passing train changes after it passes you, is born.

Ref: 2

1804

Joseph Priestley, chemist: discovered oxygen; his scientific works covered chemistry, physics, electricity, magnetism, and optics; is born in England.

Ref: 4

1805

Jul 10

Thomas Wedgwood, English physicist, photography pioneer, dies.

Ref: 68

Aug 04

William Rowan Hamilton, Irish scientist, is born.

Ref: 2

John Stephens US archeologist; founded study of Central America, is born.

Ref: 5

Thomas Graham father of colloid chemistry, is born.

Ref: 5

1806

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist, dies at age 70.

Ref: 70

1807

Michel Adanson French biologist (Plant classes), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

May 28

Louis Agassiz Switzerland, naturalist/geologist/teacher, is born.

Ref: 5

1808

Johann Christian Fabricius, Dutch entomologist, dies at age 63.

Ref: 4

1809

Charles Darwin, Shrewsbury England, discovered evolution (Origin of species), is born.

Ref: 5

Albert Schäffle German sociologist (Abriss der Soziologie), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 28

Conradus Leemans Dutch archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Pierre-Joseph van Beneden Belgium, paleontologist (life cycle of tapeworms), is born.

Ref: 5

1810

Henry Cavendish, English physicist who measured the density and mass of the Earth, dies at age 78.

Ref: 2

Nov 18

Asa Gray Sauquoit NY, botanist (Flora of North America), is born.

Ref: 5

1811

Mar 31

Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen, Germany, chemist and inventor of the Bunsen Burner, is born.

Ref: 5

1812

Sep 12

Richard March Hoe, who built the first successful rotary printing press, is born.

Ref: 2

1813

Jacob G Agarah Swedish algologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Thomas Andrews Belfast Ireland, chemist/physicist (ozone), is born.

Ref: 5

1814

Galen Clark US, naturalist, discovered Mariposa Grove, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 02

Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist; directed the excavation of Olympia, is born.

Ref: 70

1815

Robert Fulton, builder of first profitable steamboat, the Clermont, dies at age 49.

Ref: 4

1817

Martin Heinfich Klaproth, German chemist and discoverer of uranium, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

John Glover English chemist (sulfuric acid), is born.

Ref: 5

Austen H Layard British archaeologist/diplomat, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 30

Sir Joseph Hooker, English botanist, is born.

Ref: 70

1818

Dec 21

Lewis H Morgan US, etnologist (Systems of Consanguinity), is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 24

James Prescott Joule physicist (discovered conservation of energy), is born.

Ref: 5

1819

Aug 13

Sir George Gabriel Stokes physicist/mathematician (Spectroscope), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 16

John Jeffries physician and one of America’s first weather forecasters: kept detailed records of weather conditions [1774-1816]; dies.

Ref: 4

Jean-Bernard Foucault, French physicist and inventor of the "Foucault pendulum", proved Earth rotates, is born.

Ref: 70

1820

Aug 02

John Tyndall, British physicist and the first scientist to show why the sky is blue, is born.

Ref: 17

1821

Auguste Édouard Mariette French Egyptologist, (dug out Sphinx 12/16/42), is born.

Ref: 5

Jens Worsaae Denmark, archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 20

Franz K Achard German physicist/chemist, dies at 67.

Ref: 5

1822

Jan 02

Rudolph J E Clausius Germany, physicist (thermodynamics), is born.

Ref: 5

Heinrich Schliemann German polyglot/archeologist (Troje), is born.

Ref: 5

Francis Galton Birmingham England, anthropologist & geneticist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 22

Gregor Mendel monk/geneticist, discoverer of the laws of heredity, is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 06

Comte Claude-Louis Berthollet, French chemist, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

Scientist Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France.

Ref: 70

1823

Alfred Russel Wallace, British zoologist/co-discoverer (evolution), is born.

Ref: 5

Spencer F Baird US biologist (Wood's Hole Station), is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 22

Jean Henri Fabre, French entomologist, is born.

Ref: 68

1824

Mar 12

Gustav R Kirchoff Prussia, physicist (spectral analysis), is born.

Ref: 5

May 01

Alexander William Williamson, British chemist, is born.

Ref: 17

John Kerr System physicist (electro-visually Kerr-effect), is born.

Ref: 5

1825

Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist and educator, is born.

Ref: 70

1826

George J Stoney Irish physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

1827

Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist and inventor (made first battery), dies at age 82.

Ref: 70

Augustus Pitt-Rivers, English archaeologist called the "father of British archaeology", is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 27

Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

1828

Ferdinand J Cohn German botanist/publicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 23

Mihály Fazekar Hungarian botanist/literary (Book of Spices), dies.

Ref: 5

Oct 31

Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, English physicist and chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

Nov 01

Balfour Steward, Scottish physicist and meteorologist, is born.

Ref: 2

1829

Thomas Young physicist/decipherer of Egyptian hierogolyphics, dies.

Ref: 5

Sep 07

Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden, US geologist (Geograph Survey 1859-86), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 07

August Kekule von Stradonitz discovered structure of benzene ring, is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 18

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French biologist, believed in inheritance of acquired traits, dies at age 85

Ref: 70

1830

Eadweard Muybridge, England, pioneered study of motion, photography, is born.

Ref: 5

François M Raoult French physicist/chemist (law of Raoult), is born.

Ref: 5

1831

Mar 31

Archibald Scott, Scottish chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 13

James Clerk Maxwel, physicist, formulated electromagnetic theory, is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 13

James Maxwell Edinburgh Scot, physicist (Treatise on Electricity), is born.

Ref: 5

Darwin begins his voyage to South America on board the HMS Beagle.

Ref: 5

1832

Franz Melde German physicist (Melde test), is born.

Ref: 5

May 13

Georges Cuvier French zoologist (La Règne Animal), dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Pieter van der Aa Leyden Holland, Dutch Indologist/geographer, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 17

Sir William Crookes chemist/physicist; discovered thallium, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 24

Sadi Nicolas Léonard Carnot, physicist: pioneer in thermodynamics, discovered the 2nd law of thermodynamics, dies.

Ref: 4

1833

Pierre-Andre Latreille, French zoologist, dies at age 70.

Ref: 70

Carlos Juan Finlay, Cuban epidemiologist, is born.

Ref: 2

1834

Dmitri Mendeleev chemist (discovered periodic table of the elements), is born.

Ref: 5

Dmitri I Mendelejev Russian chemist, formulated the periodic table of elements, was born in Tobolsk, Russia.

Ref: 68

Ernst Heinrich Haeckel Potsdam Germany, biologist (Causes of Evolution), is born.

Ref: 5

John Wesley Powell US, geologist/explorer/ethnologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Dmitri Mendeleev chemist (discovered periodic table of the elements), is born.

Ref: 5

1835

Richard Andree German geographer (Andree's Handatlas), is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 12

Simon Newcomb US, scientist/mathematician/astronomer, is born.

Ref: 5

Josef Stefan Austria, physicist (Stefan-Boltzmann law), is born.

Ref: 5

Elihu Thomson, the English-born American inventor of electric welding and arc lighting, is born.

Ref: 2

Archibald Geikie British geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1836

Jun 10

Andre-Marie Ampere, scientist, studied magnetism and electricity, dies.

Ref: 68

1837

Nov 23

Javan der Waals Holland, physicist (Cont of Liquid & Gaseous States), is born.

Ref: 5

Martinus van Marum chemist/physicist (giant salamander), dies at 87.

Ref: 5

1838

Ernst Mach Chirlitz-Turas Austria, physicist/philosopher/psychologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Ludwig Boltzmann, atomic physics engineer, is born.

Ref: 2

Alpheus Hyatt US, invertebrate paleontologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 21

John Muir, the Scottish-born US conservationist: discovered glaciers in High Sierras, influential in the establishment of the U.S. National Parks system and U.S. forest conservation; Muir Woods National Monument in California named after him; is born.

Ref: 4

Cleveland Abbe US, meteorologist (Father of the Weather Bureau), is born.

Ref: 5

Alexis Millardet, botanist who developed the first successful fungicide, is born.

Ref: 2

1839

Charles Darwin marries Emma Wedgwood.

Ref: 5

Josiah Willard Gibbs theoretical physicist/chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 08

James Mason Crafts US chemist (Friedel-Crafts-synthesis), is born.

Ref: 5

August W Eichler German botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 25

John Eliot English meteorologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 28

William Smith, English engineer and geologist, dies at age 70.

Ref: 70

John Aitken, physician and meterologist, is born.

Ref: 2

1840

Jan 23

Ernst Abbe Germany, physicist (formulated diffraction theory, Carl Zeiss Optics Company), is born.

Ref: 5

George Smith London England, assyriologist (cuneiform (script)), is born.

Ref: 5

1841

John Murray, Canada oceanographer (Depths of the Ocean), is born.

Ref: 5

Alfred Cogniaux Belgian botanicus, is born.

Ref: 5

1842

Ellen Henrietta Richards, US, chemist (American Home Economics Association-1st president), is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 07

Otto Ammon German anthropologist/sociologist (schedelmetingen), is born.

Ref: 5

1843

Grove Karl Gilbert geologist, investigated Lake Bonneville UT, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 04

Charles C. Abbott, American naturalist (Days Out of Doors), is born.

Ref: 2

Jul 25

Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor, dies at age 76.

Ref: 70

John Loudon, Scottish landscape architect and horticultural journalist, dies at age 60.

Ref: 70

1844

Eduard Adolf Strasburger German botanist (Angiospermen), is born.

Ref: 5

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann Austria, physicist (statistical mechanics), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 27

John Dalton, English chemist and physicist, dies.

Ref: 62

1845

Paul Vidal de la Blanche France, geographer, is born.

Ref: 5

Nicholas T the Saussure Swiss chemist/botany, dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Carl Gustaf Laval, Swedish scientist, engineer and inventor

Ref: 70

1846

Jul 19

Charles Edward Pickering, pioneered American spectroscopist, is born.

Ref: 5

1847

Oct 31

Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

1848

Hugo de Vries Dutch botanist (How species emerge), is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 10

Franklin Hiram King, American agricultural scientist, is born.

Ref: 70

1849

Jan 09

Jan Kops Dutch agriculturist/vicar, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Mar 07

Luther Burbank Lancaster MA, horticulturist, is born.

Ref: 5

1850

J C Arthur Lowville NY, botanist (studied rusts), is born.

Ref: 5

William Prout physician/chemist, dies.

Ref: 5

Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac chemist/physicist, dies.

Ref: 5

Oliver Heaviside physicist predicted existence of ionosphere, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 09

Wilhelm Roux, German zoologist, is born.

Ref: 17

Hans Buchner, German bacteriologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1851

David Starr Jordan NY, biologist/university president (Leland Stanford), is born.

Ref: 5

C E Arthur Wichmann German/Dutch geologist (Netherlands Indies), is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 12

Oliver Joseph Lodge England, early radio pioneer, is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 10

Waldemar Bregger Norway, geologist/mineralogist (Metamict State), is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 10

Francis Maitland Balfour, British zoologist and embryologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1852

Hendrik Blink geographer (Van de Eems tot de Schelde), is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 02

Sir William Ramsay, British chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

1853

Christian Doppler, best known for his explanation of perceived frequency variation of sound and light waves, known as the Doppler effect, dies at age 49.

Ref: 2

Apr 23

Auguste Laurent chemist, dies.

Ref: 5

1854

Sir James Frazer Britain, anthropologist/author (The Golden Bough), is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 06

Caspar GC Reinwardt German/Dutch biologist, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Jul 07

George Simon Ohm physicist (discovered Ohm's Law), is born.

Ref: 68

1855

Paul Ehrenreich German etnologist/mythologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1856

Nikolai I Nadezjdin Russian archaeologist, dies.

Ref: 5

Frederick Winslow Taylor, father of scientific management, is born.

Ref: 5

William Hamilton metaphysicist, dies.

Ref: 5

Jul 09

Count Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist, dies.

Ref: 17

Jul 10

Nikola Tesla physicist, developed alternating current, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 28

Edward Thompson US archeologist who explored Mayan ruins, is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 19

Edmund Beecher Wilson, American biologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1857

Jan 23

Andrija Mohorovicic Croatian geologist (Moho discontinuity), is born.

Ref: 5

Heinrich Hertz physicist, first to broadcast & receive radio waves, is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 11

Sir Joseph Larmor, Irish physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

Aug 08

Henry Osborn Conn, paleontologist/author (52 Years of Research), is born.

Ref: 5

1858

Feb 14

Joseph Thomson Scotland, geologist (Thomson's gazelle), is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 15

Liberty Hyde Bailey, a US botanist who traveled around the world to collect and classify thousands of plants, is born.

Ref: 70

Jun 10

Robert Brown, Scottish botanist, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Jul 09

Franz Boas anthropologist/linguist (Mind of Primitive Man), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 31

Richard Dixon Oldham, English geologist who discovered evidence of the Earth's core, is born.

Ref: 70

1859

Alice Eastwood Toronto, botanist (Handbook of Trees of California), is born.

Ref: 5

Aleksandr Popov, Russian physicist and electrical engineer, is born.

Ref: 70

Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer, dies at age 89.

Ref: 70

Sep 28

Carl Ritter, German geographer, dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Carl A Agardh Swedish botanist/bishop of Karlstad, dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Ludwig (Lazarus) Zamenhof, the linguist who invented the universal language Esperanto, is born.

Ref: 4

Johan F van Bemmelen Dutch zoologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1860

May 02

Sir D'Arcy Thompson zoologist/classicist (On Growth & Form), is born.

Ref: 5

1861

Hans Goldschmidt German chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Halford John Mackinder Gainsborough Lincolnshire, geographer, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 20

Herbert Putnam, American librarian; led the Library of Congress (1899-1939), is born.

Ref: 70

1862

Mar 01

Peter Barlow, British physicist, dies at age 85.

Ref: 70

Robert Emden Swiss geologist/astro-physicist (Emden-polytroop), is born.

Ref: 5

Vilhelm FK Bjerknes Norwegian/US physicist/meteorology, is born.

Ref: 5

1863

Aug 28

Eilhardt Mitscherlich, German chemist, noted for experiments in chemical geology, dies.

Ref: 5

Nov 14

Leo Baekeland Belgian chemist (Bakelite), is born.

Ref: 5

1864

George Washington Carver, a former slave who became a scientist and inventor, gave the world peanut butter, is born.

Ref: 68

Lucien Herr France, scientist (Corresp entre Schiller et Schiller), is born.

Ref: 5

May 19

Carl Ethan Akeley US, naturalist, developed animal mount process, is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 05

Louis Jean Lumiere, French chemist, with brother Auguste made first motion picture in 1895, is born.

Ref: 5

1865

Feb 09

Erich von Drygalski German Federal Republic, geographer/glaciologist/Antarctic explorer, is born.

Ref: 5

Heinrich Rubens German physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Charles Proteus Steinmetz Germany, experiment with AC electricity, is born.

Ref: 5

C J Thomsen Denmark, archaeologist, named Stone/Iron/Bronze Ages, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 18

Ref: 4

Aug 12

Sir William Hooker, English botanist, dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Oct 31

William Parson 3rd Earl of Rosse & maker of large telescopes, dies.

Ref: 5

1866

Arthur Keith Scottish anthropologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Karl T Sapper German geography/geologist (Vulkankunde), is born.

Ref: 5

1867

Siegfried Passarge German geographer (Cameroon/South Africa/America), is born.

Ref: 5

John P Lotsy Dutch botanist/geneticist (Genetics), is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 11

Charles Fabry, found ozone layer in upper atmosphere, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 25

Michael Faraday, English physicist, inventor of the dynamo, the transformer and the electric motor, dies at age 75.

Ref: 70

Oct 30

Louis Winslow Austin, American physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

1868

Sir Frank Dyson proved Einstein right about light bent by gravity, is born.

Ref: 5

Sir David Brewster, Scottish physicist, dies at age 86.

Ref: 70

Jean-Bernard Foucault, French physicist and inventor of the "Foucault pendulum", proved Earth rotates, dies at age 48.

Ref: 5

Wilhelm Schmidt German anthropologist/linguist (Anthropos), is born.

Ref: 5

Didericus G van Epen genealogist (Dutch Patriciate), is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 22

Willis Whitney, American chemist; founded General Electric research laboratory

Ref: 70

Aug 29

Christian Friedrich Schonbein, German chemist, dies at age 68.

Ref: 70

1869

Mar 07

Ernst J Cohen Dutch chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 25

Gustaaf Schamelhout Flemish physician/writer, is born.

Ref: 5

Ales Hrdlicka US, anthropologist/curator (US National Museum), is born.

Ref: 5

David Grandison Fairchild US, botanist/explorer, brought plants to US, is born.

Ref: 5

1870

Jan 13

Ross Granville Harrison , the American zoologist and pioneer in embryonic transplantation, is born.

Ref: 70

Wilhelm Normann German chemist (hardening of oils), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 06

Clarence E. McClung, an American zoologist who made important discoveries in the field of genetics, is born.

Ref: 70

Clark Wissler anthropologist (American Indian), is born.

Ref: 5

1871

Sir Ernest Rutherford nuclear scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 09

Florence Sabin, American anatomist, is born.

Ref: 70

1872

Lafayette Benedict Mendel, biochemist, is born.

Ref: 2

1873

Matthew Maury hydrographer, dies.

Ref: 5

Ewoud van Everdingen Dutch meteorologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Justus Freiherr von Liebig German chemist, dies at 69.

Ref: 5

Howard Carter British archaeologist/Egyptologist (found King Tutankhamen's tomb), is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 26

Inventor of the electron tube and more, Lee DeForest is born in Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Ref: 73

J Louis R Agassiz Swiss geologist/paleo-biologist), dies.

Ref: 5

William Draper Harkins, American chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

1874

Francois-Emile b. Matthes, Dutch-born American geologist and topographer, is born.

Ref: 70

Apr 15

George Harrison Shull, American botanist, developer of hybrid corn, is born.

Ref: 2

Ludwig Curtius German archaeologist (Die antike Kunst), is born.

Ref: 5

1875

Walter Andrae German archaeologist (Babylon, Assur), is born.

Ref: 5

Charles Lyell British geologist (Elements of Geology), dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Oct 19

Sir Charles Wheatstone, English physicist, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

1876

Antoine-Jerome Balard, French chemist; discovered the element bromine, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

Jun 11

A.L. Kroeber Hoboken NJ, anthropologist/textbook author, is born.

Ref: 5

Karl Ernst Baer, Prussian-Estonian embryologist, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

1877

Sep 11

Sir James Jeans, England, physicist/mathematician/astronomer, is born.

Ref: 5

Victor Shelford, American zoologist and animal ecologist, is born.

Ref: 70

Dec 10

Jared P. (Potter) Kirtland physician; naturalist: found first Kirtland’s Warbler [now, a rare bird]; dies.

Ref: 70

1878

Henri V Regnault French physicist/chemist, dies at 67.

Ref: 5

Elias M Fries Swedish botanist (mycologicum), dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Wander J de Haas Dutch physicist/son-in-law of Lorentz, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 12

Richard B Goldschmidt German/US zoologist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 13

Joseph Henry, American scientist, dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

May 14

Joseph Henry scientist: discovered the principle of self-induction; constructed first model of an electric telegraph with audible signal; president [1868-1878] and charter member of National Academy of Sciences; dies.

Ref: 2

Sep 19

Charles Mauguin, French mineralogist and crystallographer, is born.

Ref: 70

Nov 07

Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

1879

Emile Argand Swiss geologist (Dekbladen Theory), is born.

Ref: 5

Jan 02

Pieter Tesch Dutch geologist (Pedestal of Nederlands), is born.

Ref: 5

Johannes Brønsted Danish physical chemist (acid-base reactions), is born.

Ref: 5

Niels Bjerrum Danish chemist (ph tests), is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 04

Edward Murray East, botanist whose research led to the development of hybrid corn, is born.

Ref: 2

Oct 09

Max von Laue, German physicist, is born.

Ref: 2

Nov 05

James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist, dies at age 48.

Ref: 70

1880

Paul Ehrenfest Austria/Netherlands physicist (adiabates hypothesis), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 17

Sir Leonard Woolley, English archaeologist; excavated the Sumerian city of Ur, is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 15

Marie C. C. Stopes, Scottish scientist and advocate of birth control, is born.

Ref: 70

Nov 01

Alfred Wegener, German meteorologist and geophysicist, is born.

Ref: 70

1881

Alfred R Radcliffe-Browne British anthropologist (Andaman Islanders), is born.

Ref: 5

Jan 31

Joseph A Cushman US, palaentologist/foraminiferologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Richard Tolman, American physical chemist and physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

Lewis H Morgan US ethnologist (Iroquois-Indians), dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Dec 31

Colin G Fink US chemist (electro chemistry), is born.

Ref: 5

1882

Jacob Clay Dutch philosopher/physicist (Mesones), is born.

Ref: 5

Charles R Darwin English naturalist (Origin of species), dies at 73.

Ref: 5

Charles Darwin, naturalist: theory of evolution: On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex; dies.

Ref: 4

Jul 19

Francis Maitland Balfour, British zoologist and embryologist, dies at age 30.

Ref: 70

Hans Geiger, German physicist; introduced the Geiger Counter, is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 05

Robert Hutchings Goddard, American rocket scientist, held more than 200 rocketry patents, is born in Worcester Mass.

Ref: 68

Walther Meissner German physicist (Meissner effect), is born.

Ref: 5

1883

Donald Dexter Van Slyke US chemist (Micromanometric analysis), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 03

Alfred Korzybski Poland, scientist (Science & Sanity), is born.

Ref: 5

Frank Debenham Australian geographer/geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1884

Gregor (Johann) Mendel botanist: his theories formed basis of genetics and heredity in today’s science; dies at age 61.

Ref: 4

Roy Chapman Andrews US, scientist/explorer, is born.

Ref: 5

Edward Sapir Germany, linguist/anthropologist (Indians), is born.

Ref: 5

Auguste Piccard Switzerland, scientist/explorer (balloonist), is born.

Ref: 5

Arnold Henry Guyot Swiss/US geologist/meteorologist, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Albert Egges van Giffen Dutch archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 03

Agnes Fay Morgan, American nutritionist and biochemist, is born.

Ref: 2

Heinrich R Göppert German paleo-botanist, dies.

Ref: 5

Jul 02

Dr Otto B”hm Prussia, scientist (helped create England Radar), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 25

Davidson Black, Canada, doctor of anatomy (identified Peking Man), is born.

Ref: 5

1886

Arthur J. Dempster, the American physicist who built the first device for measuring charged particles, is born.

Ref: 70

1887

Enrique E Ecker Curaçao, bacteriologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Carl Blegen Minneapolis MN, archaeologist (excavator at Troy, Pylos), is born.

Ref: 5

Pieter van der Aa Dutch geographer, dies at 54.

Ref: 5

August W Eichler German botanist, dies at 47.

Ref: 5

Jun 22

Sir Julian Huxley, London, biologist/philosopher, Darwin's Bulldog, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 12

Erwin Schr”dinger Austria, physicist (had a cat), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 14

Karl Taylor Compton, physicist/atomic bomb scientist, president of M. I. T. (1930-48), is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 17

Gustav Kirchoff discoverer of the laws of spectroscopy, dies.

Ref: 5

Carl Blegen Minneapolis MN, archaeologist (excavator at Troy, Pylos), is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 22

Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden, US geologist (Geograph Survey 1859-86), dies at age 58.

Ref: 70

1888

Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, Swiss-born Norwegian mineralogist and petrologist, is born.

Ref: 70

Asa Gray US botanist (Flora of North America), dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Jul 22

Selman Abraham Waksman, biochemist, is born.

Ref: 2

Aug 24

Rudolph J E Clausius Germany, physicist (thermodynamics), dies at age 66.

Ref: 70

1889

Alan M Bateman Canadian geologist (Yale professor), is born.

Ref: 5

Balthasar van der Pol physicist (Comparison of Van der Pol), is born.

Ref: 5

Gertrude Caton-Thompson British archaeologist (Zimbabwe, Southern Arabia), is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 04

Beno Gutenberg, the American scientist who made important discoveries about the earth's interior, is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 11

James Joule physicist: discovered the SI unit of work or energy: Joule’s Law, also called the newton-meter; dies.

Ref: 4

Oct 26

Birth of Millar Burrows, American archaeologist. Director of the American School of Oriental Research at Jerusalem 1931-32, 1947-48), Burrows' most popular published work was "What Mean These Stones?" (1941).

Ref: 5

Balthasar van der Pol physicist (Comparison of Van der Pol), is born.

Ref: 5

1890

Christophorus H D Buys Ballot Dutch meteorologist, dies at 72.

Ref: 5

Robert Ley German chemist/MP (NSDAP), is born.

Ref: 5

1891

Mar 12

Michael Polany Hungarian/English chemist/economist/sociologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Fritz Feigl Austria, chemist (spot tests), is born.

Ref: 5

Benedictus H Danser Dutch botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

1892

Hermann Kopp German chemist (Law of Kopp), dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Mar 01

Archibald Scott Scottish chemist, dies at 60.

Ref: 5

Apr 02

Willem J d'Ablaing van Giessenburg Dut baron/genealogist, dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Apr 10

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt German anthropologist (Rassenkunde), is born.

Ref: 5

Sir Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish physicist; knighted for his role in the development of radar, is born.

Ref: 70

Vere G Childe British archaeologist/prehistorian, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 27

Louis Victor de Broglie physicist (studied electrons), is born.

Ref: 5

May 05

Dorothy Garrod, English archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 21

Birth of James L Kelso, American Presbyterian archaeologist. He participated in digs at the biblical sites of Debir, Bethel and Jericho, and authored the text "Ceramic Vocabulary of the O.T."

Ref: 5

Edwin Cohn, American biochemist, is born.

Ref: 70

Dec 18

Richard Owen English zoologist (Dinosaurus), dies at 88.

Ref: 5

1893

Kaj Birket-Smith Danish etnologist/anthropologist (Eskimos), is born.

Ref: 5

Raymond Dart, Australian paleoanthropologist (Australopithecus), is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 27

Ralph Linton US cultural anthropologist (Tree of Culture), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 04

Alphonse de Candolle Swiss botanist, dies at 86.

Ref: 5

Jul 21

Ernst Shuftan born. He was the inventor of the 'Shuftan Effect', a cheap way to imitate matte technique using mirrors that was used in all those Cesar Romero vs. the giant iguana movies.

Ref: 73

1894

Pierre-Joseph van Beneden paleontologist (life of tapeworms), dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Isaac M Kolthoff chemist (Massenanalyse), is born.

Ref: 5

Curt Richter, biologist, is born.

Ref: 2

August A Kundt German physicist, (test of Kundt), dies at 54.

Ref: 5

Hans [Henry] Kramers Dutch theoretical physicist (quantum mechanics), is born.

Ref: 5

1895

Jan 04

Lourens G M Baas Becking Dutch botanist/resistance fighter, is born.

Ref: 5

Arturi Virtanen, Finnish biochemist, is born.

Ref: 70

Franz E Neumann German mineralogist/physicist, dies at 96.

Ref: 5

Jun 29

Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist and educator, dies at age 70.

Ref: 70

Sep 06

Walter Robert Dornberger, German engineer; directed construction of V-2 rocket, is born.

Ref: 70

Booker T Washington delivers "Atlanta Compromise" address.

Ref: 5

Sep 29

Joseph Banks Rhine Penn, parapsychologist (Extra-Sensory Perception), is born.

Ref: 5

1896

Feb 29

Omer C F L Tulippe Belgian geographer, is born.

Ref: 5

C Eugène Wegmann Swiss geologist (Le Jura plissé), is born.

Ref: 5

George L Funke botanist (Flower Physiology), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 11

Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist; directed the excavation of Olympia, dies at age 81.

Ref: 70

Oct 22

Charles Glenn King biochemist (discovered vitamin C), is born.

Ref: 5

Carl Ferdinand Cori US bio-chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

George B Cressey US geographer (Asia's Lands & Peoples), is born.

Ref: 5

1897

Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist, dies at age 49.

Ref: 70

Henri Frankfort, American archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 70

Henry Drummond Scottish geologist/evangelist, dies at 45.

Ref: 5

Nov 18

Patrick Blackett, English physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

1898

Leo Szilard, Hungary, physicist, instrumental in the Manhattan Project, peace activist, is born.

Ref: 2

Feb 23

Reinhard Herbig German archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

William Thomas Astbury English physicist/chemist (textiles), is born.

Ref: 5

Roger Bastide French sociologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Carl-Gustaf Rossby, Swedish meteorologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1899

Percy Julian scientist: developer of synthetic progesterone, inexpensive production method to produce cortisone, a drug to treat glaucoma, chemical foam to smother oil fires; is born.

Ref: 4

Apr 17

Sir Vincent Wigglesworth, English entomologist, is born.

Ref: 70

Apr 21

Heinrich Kiepert German cartographer/geographer, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

William Hume-Rothery, English founder of scientific metallurgy, is born.

Ref: 70

Jun 12

Fritz Lipmann, German-born American biochemist, is born.

Ref: 70

Nov 01

Sir Gavin de Beer, British zoologist, is born.

Ref: 70

1900

Charles Richter, Hamilton OH, Earthquakes seismologist (Richter scale), is born.

Ref: 5

Augustus Pitt-Rivers, English archaeologist called the "father of British archaeology", dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

Jun 04

Birth of Nelson Glueck, American Jewish archaeologist. Director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem between 1932 and 1947, he explored and dated over 1,000 ancient sites in Palestine and the Near East.

Ref: 5

Nov 08

Albert Friedrich Frey-Wyssling, Swiss botanist and molecular biology pioneer, is born.

Ref: 2

1901

Jacob G Agarah Swedish algologist, dies at 87.

Ref: 5

André Parrot French archaeologist/theologist (Assur), is born.

Ref: 5

Henry Eyring Mexican/US chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

René Jules Dubos France, US microbiologist/environmentalist/author (Health & Disease), is born.

Ref: 5

Franz Melde German physicist (Melde Test), dies at 69.

Ref: 5

François M Raoult Fren physicist/chemist (Law of Raoult), dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Apr 20

Michel Leiris French cultural anthropologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Margaret Mead, the American anthropologist who authored 44 books and over 1000 articles, is born in Philadelphia PA.

Ref: 4

Oliver [Hazard Perry] La Farge, NY NY, anthropologist/novelist (Laughing Boy), is born.

Ref: 5

Robert Van de Graaff Alabama, physicist (Mobility of Gaseous Ions), is born.

Ref: 5

1902

Jan 31

Julian H Steward US anthropologist/professor, is born.

Ref: 5

Edward Uhler Condon, atomic scientist (Manhattan Project), is born.

Ref: 5

Hans Buchner, German bacteriologist, dies at age 51.

Ref: 70

May 01

John Glover English chemist (production sulfuric acid), dies at 85.

Ref: 5

Seton Howard Frederick Lloyd archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 16

George Gaylord Simpson, paleontologist, is born.

Ref: 2

Sep 23

John Wesley Powell geologist, explorer: Director of U.S. Geological Survey [1881-1894]; dies.

Ref: 4

Nov 17

Eugene Paul Wigner, Hungarian-born physicist, is born.

Ref: 2

1903

Zora Neal Hurston, US anthropologist, author, is born.

Ref: 17

Igor V Kurtshatov Russian nuclear physicist (1st Russian nuclear bomb), is born.

Ref: 5

Cornelis H Edelman Dutch geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

G Evelyn Hutchinson British zoologist (Treatise on Limnology), is born.

Ref: 5

George G Stokes British physicist/presidential Royal Society, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Adolf Butenandt, biochemist, is born.

Ref: 2

Apr 24

Siegfried F Nadel Austrian/British anthropologist (Black Byzantium), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 27

Hans Walter Kosterliz biochemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 30

François Crépin Belgian botany, dies at 72.

Ref: 5

Aug 07

Louis Leakey, anthropologist, archeologist and paleontologist, believed Africa was the cradle of mankind, is born.

Ref: 2

Cyril Dean Darlington England, biologist (hereditary mechanisms), is born.

Ref: 5

1904

Karl A von Zittel German geologist/paleontologist (Libya), dies at 64.

Ref: 5

George Gamow, Russian-born American nuclear physicist/cosmologist/writer (1, 2, 3...'infinity'), is born.

Ref: 5

Cornelis Jan Bakker Dutch/US nuclear physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Arthur Ernest Mourant haematologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Reinout W van Bemmelen Dutch geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Alexander William Williamson, British chemist, dies.

Ref: 17

Patrick Johnson physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Robert Knox bacteriologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 25

Columbus Iselin, American oceanographer, is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 01

Otto R. Frisch, Austrian physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

Roger Wolcott Sperry physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

1905

Ernst Abbe German physicist (Carl Zeiss Optics Company), dies at 64.

Ref: 5

Emilio Segre, Italian-bn. American physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

E Boyland biochemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Eugen Sanger, German rocket propulsion engineer

Ref: 70

Sir Nevill Mott, English physicist, is born.

Ref: 70

Dec 31

Aleksandr Popov, Russian physicist and electrical engineer, dies at age 46.

Ref: 5

1906

Kathleen Kenyon first person to place date on remains of Jericho, is born.

Ref: 5

Albert Hofmann Switzerland, chemist (discovered LSD), is born.

Ref: 5

Arthur Guy Clutton-Brock English agronomist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 12

William M Ewing US geologist/geophysicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 17

Hazel Bishop, American chemist; founded pioneering cosemtics business, is born.

Ref: 70

Nov 18

George Wald, American chemist, is born.

Ref: 70

John A C Oudemans Dutch geographer/astronomer, dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Irving Krick meteorologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1907

Sergei Korolev scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Derek Richter British neuro chemist (Aspects of learning & memory), is born.

Ref: 5

Dmitri Mendeleyev, chemist, formulated the periodic table of the elements, dies in St. Petersburg, Russia at age 72.

Ref: 68

Hendrik W Bakhuis Roozeboom chemist (fasenleer), dies at 52.

Ref: 5

Mar 18

Marcellin Berthelot,7 French chemist, dies at age 79.

Ref: 5

Apr 08

Maurice Stacey chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 13

Laurence Kirwan archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Robley D Evans nuclear physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 27

Rachel Carson, the American biologist whose books helped inspire the environmental movement, is born.

Ref: 17

Aug 21

Dr Roy K Marshall Glen Carbon Ill, TV scientist (Nature of Things), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 03

Dr Loren Eiseley professor of Anthropology (Animal Secrets), is born.

Ref: 5

Kelvin of Largs [William Thomson] British physicist (Kelvin), dies at 83.

Ref: 5

1908

Vivian [Ernest] Fuchs geologist/explorer (British Antarctic Survey), is born.

Ref: 5

Dr Kenneth Mellanby entomologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 28

John Eliot English meteorology, dies at 68.

Ref: 5

Abraham H Maslow US psychologist (humanistic psychology), is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 05

Miriam Rothschild, English scientist and writer, is born.

Ref: 2

Aug 20

Valentin Glushko, Soviet rocket scientist, is born.

Ref: 70

Aug 28

Roger Tory Peterson NY, ornithologist/writer (How to Know Birds), is born.

Ref: 5

Claude Levi-Strauss Belgium, social anthropologist (Structure Anthro), is born.

Ref: 5

1909

Richard A C E Erlenmeyer German chemist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Jan Veldkamp Dutch geophysicist/director (KNMI), is born.

Ref: 5

Mervyn Hugh Cowie wildlife conservationist, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 24

Bernhard Grzimek zoologist (West Germany), is born.

Ref: 5

May 27

William Hansen, American physicist; pioneered use of microwave technology, is born.

Ref: 70

1910

Wilhelm F Kohlrausch Germ physicist (Additiviteitsregel), dies at 69.

Ref: 5

Robert H G Havemann German chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 27

John Robinson Pierce, the father of comunications satellites, is born.

Ref: 2

Stanislao Cannizzaro Italian chemist, dies at 85.

Ref: 5

May 28

Stuart Piggott archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

1911

Alexander George Ogston biochemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 06

Charles Frank physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 13

Jacob M van Bemmelen Dutch physicist/chemist, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Bernard Katz biophysicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Ellen Swallow Richards, American chemist, dies at age 68.

Ref: 5

Apr 12

Darrell A Amyx US archaeologist (Greek Ceramics), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 16

William Stearn botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

Louis Wain agricultural scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 05

George Johnstone Stoney, Irish/English physicist, dies at age 85.

Ref: 70

Aug 04

Franklin Hiram King, American agricultural scientist, dies at age 63.

Ref: 70

Dec 10

Sir Joseph Hooker, English botanist, dies at age 94.

Ref: 70

1912

Richard Andree German geographer (Andree's Handatlas), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Wernher von Braun scientist: developer of WWII German V-2 rocket, head of U.S. Army missile team; technological leader of American space program; is born in Wirsitz Germany.

Ref: 68

Alexander Langsdorf physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 07

George Darwin theorized Moon was pulled out of Pacific Ocean, dies.

Ref: 5

1913

Carl Gustaf Laval, Swedish scientist, engineer and inventor, dies at age 67.

Ref: 70

Mary Douglas Leakey, archaeologist and paleoanthropologist, is born.

Ref: 2

Feb 27

Adam Sedgwick English zoologist (Peripatus), dies at 58.

Ref: 5

Apr 21

Choh Hao Li biochemist professor (isolated growth hormones), is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 07

Alfred Russel Wallace, British zoologist/co-discoverer (evolution), dies.

Ref: 17

1914

Edward George Edwards chemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Sir John Murray, Scottish naturalist, dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

Masao Maruyama, social scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 27

Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, English physicist and chemist, dies at age 85.

Ref: 70

Aug 12

John Philip Holland, father of the modern submarine, dies.

Ref: 68

Dec 24

John Muir, the Scottish-born naturalist considered the father of the environmental movement, dies.

Ref: 70

1915

Mar 21

Frederick W. Taylor, an American inventor who helped industries worldwide become more efficient, dies.

Ref: 70

Clyde Wiegand physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 08

Charles Hard Townes Greenville SC, physicist, developed lasers, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 23

Clifford G. Shull, physicist, improved techniques for exploring the atomic structure of matter, is born.

Ref: 2

Oct 11

Jean Henri Fabre, French entomologist, dies at age 91.

Ref: 70

1916

Otto Ammon German anthropologist/sociologist, dies at 73.

Ref: 5

Frederick Stewart British geologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Walter Bartley biochemist, is born.

Ref: 5

John Corner scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Bernice Levin Neugarten social scientist/gerontologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 19

Ernst Mach Austrian physicist/philosopher/psychologist, dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Apr 15

Alfred Cogniaux Belgian botanist, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Dr Joseph W Kennedy scientist (1 of 4 discoverers of plutonium), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 23

Sir William Ramsay, British chemist, dies at age 63.

Ref: 70

Oct 28

Cleveland Abbe meteorologist: first U.S. Weather Bureau meteorologist; dies at age 77.

Ref: 4

1917

Jan 02

Edward B Tylor English anthropologist, dies at 84.

Ref: 5

William Fairbank Minneapolis MN, physicist (superconductivity), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 23

Jacob Kistemaker nuclear physicist (ultra centrifuge), is born.

Ref: 5

May 28

Barry Commoner Brooklyn NY, biologist (Science & Survival), is born.

Ref: 5

1918

Julian S Schwinger US physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

John Gray FRS/marine biologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Paul Vidal de la Blanche French geographer, dies at 73.

Ref: 5

Leonard Mullens rubber physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

1919

Charles Edward Pickering, American physicist and astronomer, dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

Apr 04

William Crookes English chemist/physicist (Crookes-pipe), dies at 86.

Ref: 5

Apr 08

Roland baron Eötvös Hungarian physicist, dies at 70.

Ref: 5

1920

Richard John Copeland Atkinson archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

J Heslop-Harrison botanist, is born.

Ref: 5

Marjorie M Sweeting English geomorphologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 02

Lambertus van Straaten geologist (Waddenzee, Rhône-delta), is born.

Ref: 5

Terence Edward Armstrong polar geographer, is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 25

Henry Charnock oceanographer, is born.

Ref: 5

1923

Peter Fowler physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 27

Sir James Dewar, English chemist and physicist, dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Guiseppe Martelli physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Hans Goldschmidt German chemist, dies.

Ref: 5

May 25

Hans Goldschmidt, German chemist, dies at age 62.

Ref: 70

Phillip Anderson, physicist, is born.

Ref: 2

1924

Jan 13

Georg H Quincke German physicist (Test of Quincke), dies at 89.

Ref: 5

Sep 15

Wilhelm Roux, German zoologist, dies.

Ref: 17

Dec 04

Frank Press, geophysicist, is born.

Ref: 2

1925

Gerald Malcolm Durrell, Britain, zoologist/writer (Mockery Bird), is born.

Ref: 5

James Saunders English chemist/playwright (Ark), is born.

Ref: 5

Oskar Brefeld German botanist, dies at 85.

Ref: 5

G M Hughes British zoologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Frank Neville Hosband Robinson physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

1926

Abdus Salam theoretical physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Julius Marmur biochemist/geneticist, is born.

Ref: 5

Luther Burbank naturalist: creator of new varieties of flowers, trees, edible fruits and vegetables; dies.

Ref: 4

Oct 08

Cesar Milstein, molecular biologist, is born.

Ref: 2

1927

Rosa Joyce Plesters Brommelie conservation scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Anne McLaren biologist/zoologist/actress (Things to Come), is born.

Ref: 5

Apr 29

Betsy Ancker-Johnson physicist/auto company exec, is born.

Ref: 5

Dick Hillenius Dutch biologist/writer, is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 11

Theodore H. Maiman, physicist.

Ref: 2

1928

Desmond Morris English zoologist (Human Ape, Body Language), is born.

Ref: 5

Peter Gordon Dorrell archaeologist/photographer, is born.

Ref: 5

Sam Edwards physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Margaret Pereira forensic scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 17

Vivian Moses biotechnologist, is born.

Ref: 5

G R Hall nuclear scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 07

Norton David Zinder, biologist, is born.

Ref: 2

Bruce Ames biochemist: cancer research: identifying agents damaging human DNA and the consequences for aging and cancer, is born.

Ref: 4

1929

Jan 04

Bobby Tulloch ornithologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jan 04

Amitai W Etzioni US sociologist (Active Society), is born.

Ref: 5

Freiherr Albert von Schrenk-Notzing German para-psychologist, dies at 66.

Ref: 5

Margaret Pereira forensic scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Rosemary Camp president (Council for British Archaeology), is born.

Ref: 5

May 17

Raymond Hide geophysicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 15

Murray Gell-Mann physicist who predicted quarks, is born.

Ref: 5

1930

Ernest Just Black biologist, served as Vice President of American Zoologists, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 28

Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, helped confirm the existence of quarks, is born.

Ref: 2

1931

Derek Meddings special effects technician, is born.

Ref: 5

Hans Schardt Swiss geologist, dies at 72.

Ref: 5

1932

Dian Fossey zoologist (Gorillas in the Mist), is born.

Ref: 5

Walter Charles Marshall scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jim Fowler Albany Ga, naturalist (Wild Kingdom), is born.

Ref: 5

Paul Ehrlich biologist, writer: The Population Bomb; helped form group: Zero Population Growth, advocating a limit of 2 children per family, is born.

Ref: 4

Jun 27

Louis Winslow Austin, American physicist, dies at age 64.

Ref: 70

1933

David Bellamy English botanist/tv-program maker, is born.

Ref: 5

Paul Crutzen, Dutch chemist, is born.

Ref: 2

1934

Michael Grierson Jarrett archaeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jane van Lawick-Goodall ethologist/chimp expert (1974 Walker Prize), is born.

Ref: 5

George Stamatoyannopoulos Greece, medical genetics researcher, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 15

Davidson Black, Canadian physician and physical anthropologist (identified Peking Man), dies at age 49.

Ref: 70

Apr 03

Jane Goodall, London England, ethologist, studied African chimps, is born.

Ref: 5

1935

Robin Clark chemist (FRS), is born.

Ref: 5

Ignazio Guidi Italian orientalist/archaeologist, dies at 90.

Ref: 5

May 11

Edward H Thompson US archaeologist (Mayan civilization), dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Hugo de Vries botanist Gruppenweise Artbildung, dies at 87.

Ref: 5

Nov 06

Henry Fairfield Osborn, American paleontologist and museum administrator, dies at age 78.

Ref: 70

1936

Feb 19

Ione Mylonas Shear archeologist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 08

Sir David Attenborough, environmentalist, is born.

Ref: 62

Jul 15

Richard Dixon Oldham, English geologist who discovered evidence of the Earth's core, dies at age 77.

Ref: 70

1937

Scato Gocko de Vries Dutch paleographer/librarian, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Johannes Walter German geologist (Die Denudation in Wüste), dies.

Ref: 5

1938

Lynn Margulis, biologist, is born.

Ref: 2

1939

Edward Sapir US linguist/cultural anthropologist (Indian), dies at 55.

Ref: 5

Claude Ake political scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

Howard Carter, British archaeologist/Egyptologist (King Tut), dies at 65.

Ref: 5

Edmund Beecher Wilson, American biologist, dies at age 82.

Ref: 70

James Aubrey Turner scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

May 01

Wilhelm Normann German chemist (harden van oliën), dies.

Ref: 5

1940

A Marshall Stoneham FRS, physicist, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 22

Sir Oliver Lodge, English physicist and parapsychologist, dies at age 89.

Ref: 70

M EugŠne F T Dubois geologist/paleontologist (Wadjakmens), dies.

Ref: 5

1941

Constant W L Scheurleer archaeologist/banker/art expert, dies at 59.

Ref: 5

John Murray Canada oceanographer (Challenger), dies at 73.

Ref: 5

May 07

Sir James George Frazer, British anthropologist, wrote Golden Bough, dies at age 87.

Ref: 70

Paul Sabatier, French chemist, dies at age 86.

Ref: 70

Sep 10

Stephen Jay Gould, paleontologist, biologist and writer of popular books about science such as Time's Cycle and The Panda's Thumb, is born.

Ref: 2

Nov 05

Paul Sabatier, French chemist, dies at age 86.

Ref: 70

Dec 02

Paul C W Chu China, physicist, superconductivity researcher, is born.

Ref: 5

1942

Stephen Hawking, English physicist (Black Holes & Baby Universes), is born.

Ref: 5

Dick K J Tommel chemist/(D66) Dutch Assistant Secretary of State (1994- ), is born.

Ref: 5

May 16

Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski anthropologist, dies.

Ref: 5

May 19

Sir Joseph Larmor, Irish physicist, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Jul 28

Death of W.M. Flinders Petrie, 89, English archaeologist. He was regarded by colleague William Foxwell Albright as 'the greatest genius among biblical archaeologists.'

Ref: 5

Paul Horowitz New York NY, physicist, META project (Sloan Award 1971-3), is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 29

Frank D Adams Canadian geologist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

1943

George Washington Carver botanist: developed multiple uses for peanuts and sweet potatoes; dies in Tuskegee, Alabama, at age 81.

Ref: 68

Nikola Tesla Yugoslavian physicist (tesla motor), dies at 86.

Ref: 5

J Arthur S Berson Austrian meteorologist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Nikolai Vavilov geneticist, Saratovv labour camp, dies.

Ref: 5

1944

Richard [Erskine Frere] Leakey Nairobi Kenya, anthropologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Robert E Park sociologist (human ecology, marginal man), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Leo H A Baekeland Belgian/US chemist (bakelite), dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Richard Leakey anthropologist, author: Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human, is born.

Ref: 4

1945

Jac[obus] P Thijsse Dutch biologist (Omgang met planten), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Gottlieb J Haberlandt Hungarian/German botanist, dies at 90.

Ref: 5

Karl T Sapper German geographer/geologist (Vulkankunde), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Jul 10

Robert Goddard Rocket pioneer, dies.

Ref: 5

Aug 10

Robert (Hutchings) Goddard ‘father of the Space Age’: launched a liquid-fuel powered rocket as early as 1926, dies at age 62.

Ref: 68

Sep 24

Hans Geiger, German physicist; introduced the Geiger Counter, dies at age 62.

Ref: 70

1946

Clarence E. McClung, an American zoologist who made important discoveries in the field of genetics, dies.

Ref: 4

Apr 17

J R Baines professor (Egyptologist), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 16

Sir James Jeans, British physicist, astronomer, author, dies.

Ref: 5

Nov 05

Patricia K Kuhl speech & hearing scientist, is born.

Ref: 5

1947

Frederick F Blackman English botanist, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Feb 09

Karl Mannheim sociologist (Diagnosis of Our Time), dies at 53.

Ref: 5

Friedrich Paschen German physicist, dies at 82.

Ref: 5

Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, Swiss-born Norwegian mineralogist and petrologist, dies at age 59.

Ref: 5

Mark Nelson Brooklyn NY, crew member (Biosphere 2), is born.

Ref: 5

1948

G B Warren British biochemist, is born.

Ref: 5

Michael Gleeson otolaryngologist, is born.

Ref: 5

R J Bennett FBA/geographer, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 06

Louis Jean Lumiere, French chemist, with brother Auguste made first motion picture in 1895, dies at age 83.

Ref: 70

Jun 21

Francois-Emile b. Matthes, Dutch-born American geologist and topographer, dies at age 74.

Ref: 70

Sep 05

Richard Tolman, American physical chemist and physicist, dies at age 67.

Ref: 70

Sep 17

Ruth Benedict, American anthropologist, dies at age 61.

Ref: 70

1949

Joseph A Cushman US paleontologist, dies at 68.

Ref: 5

William Hansen, American physicist; pioneered use of microwave technology, dies at age 39.

Ref: 70

1950

Marilyn R Smith microbiologist, is born.

Ref: 5

Arthur J. Dempster, the American physicist who built the first device for measuring charged particles, dies.

Ref: 70

1951

Mar 07

William Draper Harkins, American chemist, dies at age 77.

Ref: 70

Vilhelm F K Bjerknes Norwegian/US physicist/meteorology, dies at 89.

Ref: 5

1952

Apr 24

Hans [Hendrik A] Kramers physicist (quantum mechanics), dies at 57.

Ref: 5

Apr 30

Tom Pesek PC programmer (creator of HAL 9000 program), is born.

Ref: 5

Death of Frederick George Kenyon, 89, British archaeologist and language scholar. Kenyon devoted his life to discovering biblical parallels in ancient Greek papyri, convincing critics that science does not disprove the Bible.

Ref: 5

Dec 24

Henry A "Hans" Kramers Dutch theoretical physicist, dies at 58.

Ref: 5

1953

Oct 01

Edwin Cohn, American biochemist, dies at age 60.

Ref: 70

Oct 03

Florence Sabin, American anatomist, dies at age 81.

Ref: 9

1954

Wilhelm Schmidt, German anthropologist and Roman Catholic priest, dies at age 85.

Ref: 70

Apr 10

Ludwig Curtius German archaeologist (Die antike Kunst), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Jul 16

Henri Frankfort, American archaeologist, dies at age 57.

Ref: 70

Enrico Fermi, the Italian-born physicist who helped develop America's first atomic weapons, dies.

Ref: 70

Dec 25

Liberty Hyde Bailey, US botanist who traveled around the world to collect and classify thousands of plants (Plantbreeding), dies at 96.

Ref: 5

1955

Herbert Putnam, American librarian; led the Library of Congress (1899-1939), dies at age 93.

Ref: 70

1956

Siegfried F Nadel Australian/British anthropologist (Nuba), dies at 52.

Ref: 5

Willem H Keesom Dutch physicist (Helium I/II), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

1957

Mark Aldanov [Mark A Landau], Russian/French chemist, dies at 70.

Ref: 5

May 05

Joseph Wm. Kennedy, American scientist; one of four co-discoverers of plutonium, dies at age 40.

Ref: 70

Aug 19

Carl-Gustaf Rossby, Swedish meteorologist, dies at age 58.

Ref: 70

1958

Jan 09

Willis Whitney, American chemist; founded General Electric research laboratory, dies at age 89.

Ref: 10

Richard B Goldschmidt German zoologist (butterflies), dies.

Ref: 5

Apr 25

Charles Mauguin, French mineralogist and crystallographer, dies at age 79.

Ref: 70

Oct 02

Marie C. C. Stopes, Scottish scientist and advocate of birth control, dies at age 77.

Ref: 70

Brand Dirck Ochse film/bioscope pioneer (Polygoon), dies at 66.

Ref: 5

1959

Dr Mohammed Zakaria Ghonein discoverer of 6,000 year old pyramid, dies.

Ref: 5

Ross Granville Harrison , the American zoologist and pioneer in embryonic transplantation, dies.

Ref: 70

1960

Jan 25

Beno Gutenberg, the American scientist who made important discoveries about the earth's interior, dies.

Ref: 70

Zora Neal Hurston, US anthropologist, author, dies.

Ref: 17

Igor V Kurtshatov Russian nuclear physicist, dies at 57.

Ref: 5

Death of Sir Charles Leonard Woolley, 80, a British archaeologist who spent more than 40 years in the field. Woolley is remembered for having excavated Ur of the Chaldees, and for discovering the ancient Sumerian civilization.

Ref: 5

Roy Chapman Andrews US biologist/explorer, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Apr 23

Cornelis Jan Bakkerr Dutch/US nuclear physicist, dies.

Ref: 5

Wander J de Haas Dut physicist (Einstein-De Haas effect), dies at 82.

Ref: 5

1962

Dr Andrew E Douglass Dendrochronologer (Study of Tree Rings) dies.

Ref: 5

Auguste Picard, Swiss-bn. Belgian physicist, balloonist, deep sea diver, dies at age 78.

Ref: 70

1963

Lourens GM Baas Becking Dutch botanist/resistance fighter, dies at 68.

Ref: 5

May 31

Carel C van Essen archaeologist (Art of Ancient Rome), dies at 63.

Ref: 5

1964

Hermann A J Kees German Egyptologist, dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Eugen Sanger, German rocket propulsion engineer, dies at age 58.

Ref: 70

Eugen Sanger, German rocket propulsion engineer, dies at age 58.

Ref: 70

Feb 29

Victor van Straelen Flemish biologist/paleontologist, dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Rachel Carson, the American biologist whose books (including "Silent Spring") helped inspire the environmental movement, dies at age 56.

Ref: 17

Pieter van der Lijn Dutch geologist (Boulder Book), dies at 93.

Ref: 5

Cornelis H Edelman Dutch geologist, dies at 61.

Ref: 5

Leo Szilard Hungarians/US nuclear physicst, dies at 66.

Ref: 5

1965

May 03

Otto Forst de Battaglia Austrian diplomat/genealogist, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt German anthropologist, dies at 73.

Ref: 5

1966

Enrique E Ecker Curaçaos/US bacteriologist, dies at 79.

Ref: 5

1967

Robert Van de Graaff, American physicist and inventor, dies at age 65.

Ref: 70

Robert Van de Graaff, American physicist and inventor, dies at age 65.

Ref: 70

1968

Leopold Infeld Polish nuclear physicist (Motion & Relativity), dies at 69.

Ref: 5

Sigurd Erixon geographer (Atlas "ver Svensk Folkkultur), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Omer CFL Tulippe Belgian geographer, dies at 71.

Ref: 5

Aug 19

George Gamow, Russian-born American nuclear physicist and cosmologist, dies at age 64.

Ref: 70

Sep 27

William Hume-Rothery, English founder of scientific metallurgy, dies at age 69.

Ref: 70

Oct 27

Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist, dies at age 89.

Ref: 70

Dec 18

Dorothy Garrod, English archaeologist, dies at age 76.

Ref: 70

Victor Shelford, American zoologist and animal ecologist, dies at age 91.

Ref: 70

1970

Dec 08

Christopher K Ingold English chemist, dies at 77.

Ref: 5

1971

Columbus Iselin, American oceanographer, dies at age 66.

Ref: 70

Donald Dexter Van Slyke US chemist (Cyanosis), dies at 88.

Ref: 5

Sep 19

Death of William F. Albright, 80, American Methodist archaeologist. Professor of Semitic languages at Johns Hopkins for nearly 30 years, he penned over 1,000 articles and books, and led several Near Eastern expeditions which excavated the biblical sites of Gibeah, Bethel and Petra.

Ref: 5

1972

Julian H Steward US anthropologist (South American), dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Cornelis J van der Klauw Dutch biologist/zoologist, dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Jun 21

Sir Gavin de Beer, British zoologist, dies at age 72.

Ref: 2

Oct 01

Dr. Louis Leakey anthropologist, dies at 68.

Ref: 5

1973

Willem H Rassers Dutch cult anthropologist (Pandji-Novel), dies at 95.

Ref: 5

May 31

Albert Egges van Giffen Dutch archaeologist, dies at 89.

Ref: 5

Nov 11

Arturi Virtanen, Finnish biochemist, dies at age 78.

Ref: 70

Dec 05

Sir Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish physicist; knighted for his role in the development of radar, dies at age 81.

Ref: 5

Dec 06

Robert A Watson-Watt England, physicist (radar), dies at 81.

Ref: 5

1974

Edward Condon, American physicist, atomic scientist (Manhattan Project), dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

Apr 10

Roger Bastide French sociologist, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Jul 13

Patrick Blackett, English physicist, dies at age 76.

Ref: 70

Jul 24

Sir James Chadwick, English physicist, dies at age 82.

Ref: 70

1975

Feb 14

Sir Julian Huxley, English biologist, philosopher, educator and author, dies at age 87.

Ref: 70

Julian Huxley biologist, dies.

Ref: 5

Percy Julian scientist: developer of synthetic progesterone, inexpensive production method to produce cortisone, a drug to treat glaucoma, chemical foam to smother oil fires; dies.

Ref: 4

1976

Michael Polany Hungarians/English chemist/sociologist, dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Percy Julian holder of more than 138 chemical patents, dies at 78.

Ref: 5

1977

Jun 16

Wernher von Braun scientist: developer of WWII German V-2 rocket, head of U.S. Army missile team; technological leader of American space program; dies at age 65 from smoking.

Ref: 4

1978

Aug 24

Dame Kathleen Kenyon, English archaeologist, dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

Nov 15

Margaret Mead anthropologist: studies of ancient people of the South Pacific; dies in NY at 76.

Ref: 5

1979

Otto R. Frisch, Austrian physicist, dies at age 74.

Ref: 70

1980

Jun 27

Walter Robert Dornberger, German engineer; directed construction of V-2 rocket, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

1981

Cyril Dean Darlington biologist (hereditary mechanisms), dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Jun 03

Dr Carleton Coon anthropology prof (What in the World), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

1982

Rene Dubos, French-bn. American microbiologist, environmentalist and author, dies at age 81.

Ref: 70

Robert H G Havemann German chemist/dissident, dies.

Ref: 5

1983

Sep 10

Felix Bloch, Swiss-born American physicist dies at age 77.

Ref: 70

1984

Oct 14

Sir Martin Ryle, English physicist and astronomer, dies at age 66.

Ref: 70

1985

Apr 30

Charles Francis Richter seismologist: invented the Richter scale for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes; dies.

Ref: 4

Dr. Charles Richter, who helped develop the earthquake intensity scale named for him, dies in a San Marino rest home. He was 85. (TWA, 1986)

Ref: 95

Dian Fossey zoologist (Gorillas in the Mist), murdered at 53.

Ref: 5

American naturalist Dian Fossey, who had studied gorillas in the wild, was found hacked to death at a research station in Rwanda.

Ref: 70

1986

Jul 24

Fritz Lipmann, German-born American biochemist, dies at age 87,

Ref: 70

1987

Mar 13

Bernhard Grzimek West German zoologist, dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Primo Levi Italy, chemist/writer (Survival in Auschwitz), dies at age 67.

Ref: 68

Dick Hillenius Dutch biologist/writer, dies at 59.

Ref: 5

Choh Hao Li bio-chemist prof (isolated growth hormones), dies at 74

Ref: 5

1988

Charles Glenn King biochemist (discovered vitamin C), dies at 91.

Ref: 5

Sewall Wright US geneticist (evolution model), dies at 98.

Ref: 5

Nov 22

Raymond Dart, Australian paleoanthropologist (Australopithecus), dies at age 95.

Ref: 70

1989

Valentin Glushko, Soviet rocket scientist, dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Emilio Segre, Italian-bn. American physicist, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Dec 29

Hermann Oberth, Austrian-born German scientist, dies at age 95.

Ref: 70

1991

Jun 03

Harry Glicken volcanologist, killed by Mt Unzen Volcano in Japan.

Ref: 5

Fop[pe] I Brouwer biologist (Everything That Lives & Grows), dies.

Ref: 5

1992

Nahman Avigad Israeli archaeologist (Discovering Jerusalem), dies at 86.

Ref: 5

Robert Morris Page US physicist (radar), dies at 88.

Ref: 5

1994

Gerardus J Sizoo physicist/director of Dutch Free University, dies.

Ref: 5

Jan Veldkamp Dutch geophysicist/director (KNMI), dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Sir Vincent Wigglesworth, English entomologist, dies at age 95.

Ref: 70

Donald Benjamin Harden archaeologist, dies at 92.

Ref: 5

Apr 29

Erik Erikson anthropologist, dies at 53.

Ref: 5

1995

Ian Prestt English ornithologist, dies at 65.

Ref: 5

Arthur Guy Clutton-Brock English agronomist (Rhodesia), dies at 88.

Ref: 5

Massimo Pallottino Italian archaeologist (Etruscologia), dies at 86.

Ref: 5

Marcus Jan Adriani biologist/director (Weevers' Duin), dies at 56.

Ref: 5

May 05

Anthony Wagner genealogist, dies at 86.

Ref: 5

Vitali Viktorovich Savitsky biologist/politician, dies at 40.

Ref: 5

1996

Robley D Evans nuclear physicist, dies at 88.

Ref: 5

Seton Howard Frederick Lloyd archaeologist, dies at 93.

Ref: 5

Alexander Robertus organic chemist, dies at 88.

Ref: 5

John Howard Purnell scientist, dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Julian Hill research chemist, dies at 91.

Ref: 5

Feb 19

Madhaviah Krishnan naturalist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Walter Charles Marshall scientist, dies at 63

Ref: 5

Vic Marshall chemist, dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Bela Szigeti theoretical physicist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Mar 18

Hawkes Jessie Jacquetta Priestley archaeologist, dies at 85.

Ref: 5

John Alwyne Kitching zoologist, dies at 87.

Ref: 5

John Norrie McArthur malariologist/microscopist, dies at 94.

Ref: 5

May 12

Hubert William Dean air armaments specialist, dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Julius Marmur biochemist/geneticist, dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Bobby Tulloch ornithologist, dies at 67.

Ref: 5

Eric Stuart Woord archaeologist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Alexander Langsdorf physicist, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

May 31

Peter Gordon Dorrell archaeologist/photographer, dies at 68.

Ref: 5

Jul 28

Roger Tory Peterson NY, ornithologist/writer (How to Know Birds), dies at age 87.

Ref: 70

Aug 08

Sir Nevill Mott, English physicist, dies at age 90.

Ref: 70

Julian Hill research chemist, dies at 91.

Ref: 5

English-born archaeologist and anthropologist Mary Leakey dies in Kenya at age 83.

Ref: 70

Yuli Borisovich Khariton scientist, dies at 82.

Ref: 5

1997

Melvin Calvin scientist, dies at 85.

Ref: 5

Kenneth Thimann botanist, dies at 92.

Ref: 5

Apr 12

George Wald scientist, dies at 90

Ref: 5

May 26

Manfred Von Ardenne German scientific pioneer, dies at 90

Ref: 5

Reginald Victor Jones scientist, dies at 86

Ref: 5

David Norman Schramm physicist, dies at 52.

Ref: 5

1998

Dec 05

Hazel Bishop, American chemist; founded pioneering cosemtics business, dies at age 92.

Ref: 70

2001

Alfred Graf, botonist and author, dies at age 100 in Dusseldorf, Germany. (NY Times, p A17, 1//21/2002)

2002